Enhanced impact and energy absorbing product for footwear, protective equipment, floors, boards, walls, and other surfaces

ABSTRACT

A complete energy absorbing system for a variety of items, including athletic shoes. To accomplish the foregoing, the invention utilizes a series of encapsulated springs that are always in a state of suspension. Such is a result of the unique stiffening of the conical spring during compression thereof. In the preferred mode, the encapsulated springs are conical in nature, and alternate between standard and upside-down orientation, providing the utmost in strength and support while preventing the springs from bottoming out upon impact. Importantly, as distinguished from the prior art, an encapsulating material placed around a plurality of conical springs prevents the springs from being continually placed in a stressed situation, thus maintaining their structural integrity. Such encapsulating material may be made of a polymeric or thermoplastic material, which conforms to the conical shape of the springs and their respective apertures, functioning to aid in the dissipation of impact forces. In enhanced modes, the polymeric or thermoplastic material may also be placed within the interior of a conical spring, to provide additional stability and absorption and dissipation of forces. The uniqueness of the encapsulation of the springs is that such a configuration allows for specific designs, lengths, and widths, as well as ease of placement in pre-formed openings in the padding or encapsulating material for the manufacture of the final product. Because the springs work in conjunction with one another, and because the springs work in conjunction with the encapsulating material, the present invention provides a durable, long-lasting system that allows for previously-unattained stability and comfort.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0001] 1. Field of the Invention

[0002] The purpose of the present invention is to create a completeenergy absorbing system for a variety of items, including athleticshoes. To accomplish the foregoing, the invention utilizes a series ofencapsulated springs that are always in a state of suspension. Such is aresult of the unique stiffening of the conical spring during compressionthereof. In the preferred mode, the encapsulated springs are conical innature, and alternate between standard and upside-down orientation,providing the utmost in strength and support while preventing thesprings from bottoming out upon impact. Importantly, as distinguishedfrom the prior art, an encapsulating material placed at least around aplurality of conical springs prevents the springs from being continuallyplaced in a stressed situation, thus maintaining their structuralintegrity. Such encapsulating material may be made of a polymeric orthermoplastic material, which conforms to the conical shape of thesprings and their respective apertures, functioning to aid in thedissipation of impact forces. In enhanced modes, the polymeric orthermoplastic material may also be placed within the interior of aconical spring, to provide additional stability and absorption anddissipation of forces. The uniqueness of the encapsulation of thesprings is that such a configuration allows for specific designs,lengths, and widths, as well as ease of placement in pre-formed openingsin the padding or encapsulating material for the manufacture of thefinal product. Because the springs work in conjunction with one another,and because the springs work in conjunction with the encapsulatingmaterial, the present invention provides a durable, long-lasting systemthat allows for previously-unattained stability and comfort.

[0003] 2. Description of the Prior Art

[0004] Numerous innovations for improved energy absorbing designs havebeen provided in the prior art that are described as follows. Eventhough these innovations may be suitable for the specific individualpurposes to which they address, they differ from the present inventionas hereinafter contrasted. The following is a summary of those prior artpatents most relevant to the invention at hand, as well a descriptionoutlining the differences between the features of the present inventionand those of the prior art.

[0005] 1. U.S. Pat. No. 5,993,585, invented by Goodwin et al., entitled“Resilient Bladder For Use In Footwear And Method Of Making The Bladder”

[0006] The Goodwin et al. invention includes a method for forming aresilient bladder structure for use in the sole of footwear. The methodcomprises the steps of forming a shell from a flexible material to havea floor and a perimeter sidewall extending from the floor; placing acore, having spaced apart outer surfaces connected together by aplurality of connecting members, into the shell within the area boundedby the sidewalls; enclosing the shell and core with a covering sheet;bonding the floor of the shell to one outer surface of the core and thecovering sheet to the other outer surface of the core by applyingpressure and heat to the shell-core-covering sheet assembly to compressthe core during the bonding step; preventing bonding of the sidewall tothe covering sheet during the compression of the core; and bonding thecovering sheet to an outer edge of the perimeter sidewall of the shellto form a sealed bladder structure; and placing fluid into the interiorof the bladder so that the plurality of connecting members are placedunder tension.

[0007] 2. U.S. Pat. No. 5,592,706, invented by Pearce, entitled“Cushioning Device Formed From Separate Reshapable Cells”

[0008] In the patent to Pearce, a cushion that includes a base andnumerous bladders locatable on the base is disclosed and claimed. Eachbladder contains a quantity of filler insufficient to completely fillthe bladder, and each bladder has a loose or elastomeric skin toaccommodate its conforming to the shape of an object to be supported bythe cushion. The top surface of each bladder acts as a hammock whensupporting a cushioned object, and the bladders interact with each otherto accommodate protuberance and crevices of the cushioned object. Otherembodiments of the invention include a cushion that is pre-shaped in aform complementary to the shape of the object to be cushioned, and acushion that re-shapes itself to maintain supporting forces that aregenerally equal across the contact surface of the supported object.

[0009] 3. U.S. Pat. No. 6,282,814, invented by Krafsur et al., entitled“Spring Cushioned Shoe”

[0010] In the patent to Krafsur, et al. a spring cushioned shoe isdisclosed. The shoe includes a sole assembly that has a first springdisposed within a vacuity in the heel portion of the assembly, and asecond spring disposed within a vacuity in the ball portion of theassembly. The springs are, e.g., wave springs that extend verticallyfrom the upper to the lower internal boundaries of the vacuities.

[0011] 4. U.S. Pat. No. 5,671,552, invented by Pettibone et al.,entitled “Athletic Shoe”

[0012] The patent to Pettibone et al. describes an athletic shoe of thetype having a bottom portion for aiding the user in jumping activities.The athletic shoe comprises: an upper portion for engaging the top of afoot on which the athletic shoe is worn; a bottom portion connected tothe upper portion for engaging a sole of the foot; the bottom portionhaving at least an upper and a lower strata generally conforming to theoutline of the sole of the foot and spaced from one another to define acavity therebetween; a plurality of spring members mounted in the cavityand adapted for providing a spring action perpendicular to the sole; anair bladder disposed within the cavity; a rigid tube member forming anair passageway therein in connection between a first end opening and asecond end having an intake aperture therethrough; the first end openingis in fluid connection with the air bladder and the intake aperture isexposed to the atmosphere; and a blocking mechanism functionallyconnected to the rigid tube member in a manner to block the passage ofair through the intake aperture when the blocking mechanism is in aclosed position and to allow the passage of air through the intakeaperture when the blocking mechanism is in an open position.

[0013] 5. U.S. Pat. No. 6,055,747, invented by Lombardino, entitled“Shock-Absorption And Energy Return Assembly For Shoes”

[0014] The patent to Lombardino describes a shock absorption and energyreturn assembly for increasing the overall performance of a shoe byincreasing the stability and shock absorption of the heel. The inventivedevice includes a lower guide member having a plurality of lowerapertures and lower spring retainers, an upper guide member having aplurality of upper apertures and upper spring retainers, a plurality ofcompression springs positioned within the lower spring retainers and theupper spring retainers, a sealed encasement having a lower portion andan upper portion surrounding the lower guide member and the upper guidemember, and a plurality of lower extrusions and upper extrusions. Thelower guide member and the upper guide member are preferably U-shaped.The plurality of compression springs are aligned within the perimeter ofthe lower guide member and the upper guide member for providing maximumstability and response for the user. The encasement is preferably filledwith a pressurized gas for adding stability and dampening of thecompression springs. The inventive device is designed to be inserted ormolded within the heel portion of the mid-sole of a shoe. The encasementis preferably constructed of a transparent or semi-transparent materialutilized in combination with a cutout within the mid-sole therebyallowing individuals to view the inventive device in operation.

[0015] 6. U.S. Pat. No. 6,006,449, invented by Orlowski et al., entitled“Footwear Having Spring Assemblies In The Soles Thereof”

[0016] In the patent to Orlowski et al., a shoe having a preassembledspring assembly incorporated into the sole thereof is provided. Thespring assembly includes a pair of plates having a plurality ofapertures formed therein. The pair of plates define an upper plate and alower plate in which the apertures formed in the upper and lower platesare axially aligned when the upper plate is disposed directly above thelower plate. A plurality of spring members are disposed between theupper and lower plates. The spring members are axially aligned with theplurality of apertures. A mechanism for retaining the spring membersbetween the upper and lower plates is also provided. The mechanism forretaining is designed for retaining the upper and lower plates at apredetermined distance.

[0017] 7. U.S. Pat. No. 5,782,014, invented by Peterson, entitled“Athletic Shoe Having Spring Cushioned Midsole”

[0018] The patent to Peterson describes an athletic shoe having a springcushioned midsole assembly which is advantageous from a combinedstability and impact absorption/energy dissipation standpoint. Apreferred form of the invention includes a spring foam midsole unithaving plural spaced projections in forefoot and heel regions, with anadditional spring foam heel unit having projections facing theprojections of the heel portion of the midsole unit. In addition, thecentral region of the midsole unit is substantially flat to providesufficient support and stability, while also providing advantageousimpact/force absorption and energy dissipation in the front and heelregions of the shoe. By providing spaced projections, in combinationwith a modulator or base portion having a substantial thickness, theprojections can act independently with respect to one another and caninteract with the modulator portion to provide an advantageous stablecushioning effect. In an optional aspect of the invention, a mock windowis disposed in the exterior of the shoe, and includes a mockrepresentation of the cushioned midsole assembly.

[0019] 8. U.S. Pat. No. 5,678,327, invented by Halberstadt, entitled“Shoe With Gait-Adapting Cushioning Mechanism”

[0020] The patent to Halberstadt describes an athletic shoeincorporating a cushioning and gait-adapting device which providesresilient cushioning while adapting to the gait of the user duringrunning and other athletic activities. The shoe comprises an upper and asole with the sole having a heel with medial and lateral ground-engagingelements. A cushioning and energy return and gait-adapting device isprovided and comprises a support structure and one or more springdevices. Each spring device has a generally U-shaped pivot or swivelsection and lateral and medial resiliently flexible pods. The pivotsection has a midportion which is supported by the pivot cradle of thesupport structure. Resilient flexing of the lateral pod responsive toweight-bearing forces causes reaction forces to be applied across to themedial pod which is then caused to flex so that the medial pod isbrought into an orientation for contact with the ground.

[0021] 9. U.S. Pat. No. 5,544,431, invented by Dixon, entitled “ShockAbsorbing Shoe With Adjustable Insert”

[0022] The Dixon invention is an improved sport shoe having a springbiased heel with operator insertable foam inserts for varying thebiasing ability of the heel. The foam inserts are colored allowinginstant determination of the type of activity the shoe is suitable for.The inserts allowing the wearer of the shoe to customize the shoe for aparticular activity. High deceit foam inserts provide support forbasketball or the like jumping sports. Medium deceit foam insertsprovide support for aerobic or the like activities. Low deceit foaminserts provide support for low impact activities such as jogging and nofoam inserts provide unlimited spring range suitable for cushionedwalking.

[0023] 10. U.S. Pat. No. 5,502,901, invented by Brown, entitled “ShockReducing Footwear And Method Of Manufacture”

[0024] The Brown invention is an article of footwear which has anoutsole with a cavity in the heel region in which a cushioning insert isinstalled to cushion impacts and provide added lift to the wearer. Theheel region of the outsole projects outwardly beyond the periphery ofthe heel region of the shoe upper to form a projecting peripheral rim.The cavity has an upper wall and a lower wall and a plurality of springsextend between the upper and lower walls at spaced intervals around theperipheral rim. Opposing magnets are mounted in the walls in a centralregion of the cavity with their like poles facing one another to providea magnetic biasing force which augments the spring load.

[0025] The aforementioned prior art patents illustrate various springdesigns, including: a method for forming a resilient bladder structure,including fluid therein, for use in the sole of footwear; variouscushions in particular pre-shaped forms; spring-cushioned shoesutilizing a very small quantity of springs; cushioned shoes utilizingair bladders; shock absorption assemblies for increasing stability andshock absorption of the heel in particular; spring assemblies utilizingsolid plates; and sport shoes having a spring biased heel with operatorinsertable foam inserts for varying the biasing ability of the heel.

[0026] In contrast to the above, the present invention creates acomplete energy absorbing system for a variety of items, includingshoes, by utilizing a series of encapsulated conical springs that arealways in a state of suspension. The top and bottom part of each springare flat, allowing the encapsulating material therearound to maintainits structural integrity. The springs are conveniently placed withinconical pre-formed openings in the padding and the height of the springsvaries from a heel of a shoe to the arch and to the sole, with thetallest springs located in the heel area. Usage of the conical springs,teamed with polymeric material in appropriate places, allows for greaterabsorption and dissipation per unit height and represents a departurefrom the “trampoline” effect found with non-conical springs utilized inthe prior art.

[0027] Importantly, the comical springs alternate between straight upand upside-down configuration, to enhance the degree to which the systemcan absorb and dissipate forces. The springs are placed between theinner and outer sole in the same manner to the heel area, to provideincreased absorption of forces in a widespread area. Moreover, thepolymeric material may be located within the conical spring, functioningto allow for greater stability than is realized through usage of theprior art.

[0028] Thus, the “floating” mechanism of the present invention canreduce the force experienced by the body to a level better than 50%, dueto the complete control of the design of the spring, that does notchange its resilience characteristics during its usage and application.

[0029] In alternate embodiments, the floating system is applied toprotective helmets and equipment including, but not limited to crashmats and gymnastic mats, which typically lose their resilience over aprotracted period of time. Regarding helmets, the encapsulated conicalspring system may be placed in a series of pre-formed openings in thepadding under the shell. The height of the spring varies with thelocation, with the neck area comprising the shortest, and the crown ofthe head comprising the longest springs. Therefore, in total, thesprings of the present invention can be designed to absorb and dissipatehigher energy forces than any preexisting system used in any sport.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0030] As noted, the purpose of the present invention is to create acomplete energy absorbing system for a variety of items, includingathletic shoes. To accomplish the foregoing, the invention utilizes aseries of encapsulated springs that are always in a state of suspension.In the preferred mode, the encapsulated springs are conical in nature,providing the utmost in strength and support while preventing thesprings from bottoming out upon impact. Such is a result of the uniquestiffening of the conical spring during compression thereof. The springsalternate between standard and upside-down orientation, as desired,according to the item in which they are incorporated. Furthermore,additional non-cylindrical springs, such as ribbon-shaped, bell-shaped,and other styles of spring may also be utilized according to theprinciples noted above.

[0031] Importantly, as distinguished from the prior art, anencapsulating material placed around a plurality of conical springsprevents the springs from being continually placed in a stressedsituation, thus maintaining their structural integrity. Suchencapsulating material may be made of a polymeric or thermoplasticmaterial, which conforms to the conical shape of the springs and theirrespective apertures, functioning to aid in the dissipation of impactforces. As will be shown in greater detail herein, the same material mayalso appear within the conical spring, so as to entirely encapsulate thespring to maximize its effectiveness.

[0032] As noted, the uniqueness of the encapsulation of the springs isthat such a configuration allows for specific designs, lengths, andwidths, as well as ease of placement in pre-formed openings in thepadding or encapsulating material for the manufacture of the finalproduct. Because the springs work in conjunction with one another, andbecause the springs work in conjunction with the encapsulating material,the present invention provides a durable, long-lasting system thatallows for previously-unattained stability and comfort.

[0033] In general, placement of springs in prior art fixtures impedesproduction of the final product, impedes stabilization of the spring inplace, allows for only a limited number of springs to be utilized, andresults in a lack of “float” sensation for the user.

[0034] Thus, the configuration of the present invention solves awell-known problem in the prior art, where repetitive injuries arecommon. A runner's feet, for example, collide with the ground 800 to2000 times per mile, or 50 to 70 times per minute for each foot, at aforce of three to eight times body weight (depending on the terrain andthe runner's weight). The impact at the foot surface interface isabsorbed by the running shoe or transmitted directly to the athlete'sleg and back. While a person is running, minor anatomic andbio-mechanical abnormalities that are of no significance in walking canproduce injury.

[0035] In the present invention, then, it is important to note that theheight of the conical springs may vary, such as a variance from a heelof a shoe to the arch and to the sole, with the tallest springs locatedin the heel area. This provides increased absorption of forces in awidespread area, much to the benefit of the user. The encapsulatedsprings are further placed in a series of conically-shaped pre-formedopenings in the heel, arch and sole areas and placed between the innerand outer sole area in the same manner to the heel area, to alleviatethe above problem.

[0036] Thus, the “floating” mechanism of the present invention canreduce the force experienced by the body to a level better than 50%.Such is due to the complete control of the design of the spring, thatdoes not change its spring or resilience characteristics during itsusage and application. The present assembly is designed so that the userfeels in suspension, or “floating,” at all times.

[0037] The floating system will also benefit older or more fragileathletes, as pre-existing athletic shoes particularly fail to absorbsufficient forces when used on hard surfaces, such as all-weather tenniscourts. Many athletes' knees injure easily, and the present inventionwill eliminate or minimize those injuries significantly.

[0038] It should also be noted that the “floating” mechanism isespecially important for runners in that the heel of the runner strikesthe ground first. The floating design aids in the absorption anddissipation of forces for runners and pronate and/or suppinate. Torender the assembly appropriate for all athletes, minimal or no“floating” mechanism may be required in just the sole area.

[0039] The floating system can also be applied to protective helmets andall types of protective equipment used in sports including, but notlimited to crash mats and gymnastic mats. It is a known fact that matsof all types lose their resilience over a protracted period of time. Thebenefits of the floating design as applied to a mat system is that thesame would not lose resiliency, and the spring assembly can be designedto absorb and dissipate more forces than the pre-existing mats, such asabsorbing forces within specific pre-determined ranges.

[0040] With reference to items such as helmets, the encapsulated conicalspring system may be placed in a series of pre-formed openings in thepadding under the shell. The height of the spring in such an embodimentvaries with the location on the head, with the neck area comprising theshortest, and the top of the head comprising the longest springs.Therefore, in total, the springs of the present invention can bedesigned to absorb and dissipate higher energy forces than anypreexisting system used in any sport or activity.

[0041] Depending upon the exact environment in which the same are to beused, the conical springs may be constructed of polymers or metalsincluding titanium and steel—lightweight, yet durable materials toaccomplish the purposes of the invention.

[0042] Importantly, the springs are spread throughout the area to beprotected and work in conjunction with one another, providing acompletely controlled protected area to effectively absorb and dissipateforces upon impact.

[0043] In any such embodiment, the stiffness of the springs of theinvention may be tailored to an appropriate degree according to the typeof activity in which the invention is utilized. As previously noted,such stiffness is inherently enhanced by the conical shape of thesprings utilized in the preferred mode.

[0044] Thus, in total, the present invention lessens the incidence andseverity of injury in a great variety of sporting activities, at lowcosts and with ease of manufacture and installation.

[0045] Therefore, it is the object of the present invention to provide aunique spring assembly for usage on footwear, protective equipment,floors, boards, walls, and other surfaces, for the purpose of enhancingabsorption and dissipation of impact forces.

[0046] It is specifically the object of the present invention to providean assembly utilizing a plurality of springs encapsulated within paddingmaterial, such that impact forces are spread out and distributed widelyfor the benefit of the user.

[0047] It is a further object of the invention to provide a conicalspring assembly that is manufactured in a variety of previouslydetermined sizes, so as to render the same effective for a host ofsporting activities and additional applications where such protection isdesired.

[0048] It is also an object of the present invention to provide animpact and energy absorbing assembly that requires less padding materialto be used, thus reducing the weight of the item in question.

[0049] It is generally an object of the present invention to provide animpact and energy absorbing assembly that is relatively inexpensive tomanufacture.

[0050] It is also an object of the present invention to provide animpact and energy absorbing assembly that utilizes springs in bothright-side up and upside-down orientation, to provide the highest levelof absorption and dissipation available.

[0051] It is further an object of the present invention to provide animpact and energy absorbing assembly utilizing conical springs thatprovide strength and durability for longer periods than the springsutilized by the prior art.

[0052] The novel features which are considered characteristic for theinvention are set forth in the appended claims. The invention itself,however, both as to its construction and its method of operation,together with additional objects and advantages thereof, will be bestunderstood from the following description of the embodiments when readand understood in connection with accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0053]FIG. 1 is a side perspective, partial cut-away view of a fullathletic shoe incorporating the enhanced floating system therein.

[0054]FIG. 2 is a rear partial cut-away view of the heel portion of theathletic shoe shown in FIG. 1.

[0055]FIG. 3 is a three-quarter, partial cut-away view of a helmetincorporating the present invention.

[0056]FIG. 4 is a top cut-away view of the enhanced floating system,illustrating conical springs encapsulated within conical aperturestherefor.

[0057]FIG. 5 is a side cut-away view of the enhanced floating system,illustrating a single conical spring encapsulated within a conicalaperture therefor, and entirely surrounded by polymeric material,including polymeric material within the interior of the conical spring.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

[0058] This description relates to the general comments herein, as wellas the five figures referred to above. As noted, FIG. 1 is a sideperspective view of a full athletic shoe incorporating the enhancedfloating system therein. Included in the figure are the primarycomponents of the assembly: upper layer (12), lower layer (14), padding(16), conical apertures within the padding (18), conical springs (20)within the conical apertures. In FIG. 1, the assembly is incorporatedinto an athletic shoe or sneaker (22), which includes a heel portion(24), mid-portion (26), and toe portion (28).

[0059] In the preferred mode, a plurality of conical spring members (20)are uniquely encapsulated in conical apertures (18) within the padding(16) in a previously-determined area of the sneaker (22). Unlike theprior art, a large quantity of springs may be utilized and the length ofthe springs varies, with the longer springs (20) appearing at the heelportion of the shoe (24) and gradually shorter springs (20) appearingtowards the mid-section (26) of the shoe. Importantly, the springs (20)alternate between upright and upside-down in orientation, in an effortto make the most efficient use possible of all available space. Inaddition, FIG. 1 illustrates that the springs may be of varyingdistances from one another, according to the level of absorption anddissipation utilized. For the purposes of example, springs in closeproximity will provide increased levels of absorption and dissipation,while springs further form one another will result in decreased levelsof absorption and dissipation.

[0060] The number of springs utilized creates a system for greatdistribution and spreading of forces, thereby reducing the adverseeffects of impact in a manner previously unattained. The particularquantity and location of the conical springs in FIG. 1 are shown forexample purposes only, and the springs may be located along the entireathletic shoe, including to the toe portion thereof (28), if desired bythe manufacturer.

[0061] Importantly, the presence of padding surrounding the conicalsprings and working in conjunction with them prevents the springs frombottoming out, or reaching their full capacity of energy absorption.Furthermore, the assembly provides for complete memory, which isinstantaneous upon release of the force exerted. In addition, theconfiguration functions to allow the outer portion of the assembly toreceive primary forces, with the conical springs receiving secondaryforces, the padding receiving additional forces, and only remainingdissipated forces distributed to the user. As such, the assemblycompresses in a unique manner to absorb the impact of humans coming incontact therewith.

[0062] Specifically, the configuration allows for the entire series ofconical springs of varying sizes to work in unison, as opposed to asingle spring or limited number of springs attempting to absorb allforces received. This simply allows for a far greater amount of energyabsorbed by the assembly of the present invention. Thus, regarding thepresent invention embodied within an athletic shoe, the floating systemwill mitigate the incidence metatarsal pain and a host of particularinjuries.

[0063] Consistent with the foregoing, FIG. 2 is a rear view of the heelportion of the athletic shoe (24) shown in FIG. 1, illustrating thatmultiple conical springs (20) may be utilized along the width of theheel, also unlike the prior art. As noted, this configuration providesthe utmost in impact and energy absorption, and the length of thesprings across the heel width may also vary to compensate for thevarying angles at which users land thereon. Such is especially the case,given the stiffness resulting in the conical springs upon compressionthereof.

[0064] The incorporation of the present invention into the heel of theathletic shoe is especially important, given the degree of force placedupon the user's heel repetitively during activities such as running andtennis.

[0065] Next, FIG. 3 is a three-quarter, partial cut-away view of ahelmet (30) incorporating the present invention, illustrating aplurality of conical springs (20) encapsulated in conical apertures (18)within the padding (16) to provide enhanced impact and energyabsorption. The drawing represents the configuration by which thesprings are incorporated, and such springs may be located anywherewithin the helmet, such as the crown area, forward surface, rearsurface, and both sides. Consistent with the description of FIG. 1, thelength of the springs varies, with longer springs appearing atparticularly sensitive portions and gradually shorter springs appearingoutwardly therefrom.

[0066] The depiction of the invention within a football style helmet isfor example purposes only, as the encapsulated springs may also beutilized on items such as chest protectors, shin guards, shoulder pads,knee pads, elbow pads, and a host of crash mats, boards, floors, walls,and other flat surfaces.

[0067] It should be noted that when two separate devices, eachincorporating the assembly of the present invention, collide with oneanother, the level of energy absorbed and dissipated by the presentinvention is even greater than the already beneficial result receivedthrough usage of just a single such device.

[0068] Thus, to use the example depicted in FIG. 3 herein,helmet-to-helmet type collisions are common in many contact sports suchas football and hockey, and usage of the aforementioned helmets by allplayers within a game will only reduce the incidence of severe injury bythat much more.

[0069] Next, consistent with all of the foregoing, FIG. 4 is a topcut-away view of the present invention, illustrating a plurality ofconical springs (20) encapsulated within corresponding conical apertures(18) within the padding (16) to provide enhanced impact and energyabsorption. As depicted, the apertures are pre-formed within the paddingor polymeric material, and each bear a unique conical shape in order toeffectively receive and contain the conical springs in a secure manner.

[0070] Finally, regarding FIG. 5, which is a side cut-away view of theenhanced floating system, illustrated a single conical spring (20)encapsulated within a conical aperture therefore, and entirelysurrounded by polymeric material, including polymeric material withinthe interior of the conical spring. This embodiment is especiallyimportant, as the usage of polymeric material literally within theinterior of the spring adds significant stability to the system, andeven enables a single large conical spring to be utilized. As such, theparticular embodiment typified by FIG. 5 is particularly suitable forusage in a heel area of an athletic shoe, which receives significantlevels of force on a constant basis. For the purposes of example, alarge conical spring may be utilized from the center plane of the heelto the extremity thereof, with such spring wrapped around additionalpolymeric material.

[0071] In regards to all FIGURES, the spring assembly comprises apreviously-determined quantity of springs, such quantity selectedaccording to the needs of any of a host of particular applications. Forexample, differing numbers of springs may be utilized according toparticular needs and styles of footwear, such as whether the same isintended for running, walking, or sporting activities such as tennis orracquetball.

[0072] Regarding such applications of usage, it is important todistinguish the present invention from prior art assemblies wherein“spring-assisted” sneakers and the like are taught to enhance jumping orother athletic performance. Rather than producing a trampoline-typeeffect, it is the purpose of the present invention to absorb anddissipate forces for the purpose of injury prevention and user safety.As such, unlike certain assemblies disclosed in the prior art, thepresent system meets all rules and regulations of all major sports,rendering the same available for any physical activity.

[0073] In preferred modes of manufacture, conical spring members areproduced in a thickness of a range of one-sixteenth inch tothree-quarter inch. However, other thicknesses of springs may beutilized if desirable. Furthermore, it should be noted thatnon-cylindrical springs, such as ribbon-shaped springs or bell-shapedsprings, may also be encapsulated within polymeric materials to provideadditional embodiments for the absorption and dissipation of impactforces.

[0074] In all such cases, the springs are manufactured in a variety ofpreviously-determined sizes, functioning to render the springs effectivefor multiple previously-determined sporting events and hazardousactivities. Thus, the assembly may be utilized for protective devices inactivities such as diving, swimming, ice hockey, roller hockey, rollerskating, skateboarding, field hockey, soccer, lacrosse, football, arenafootball, gymnastics, baseball, auto racing, motorcycle racing, cycling,and track and field events.

[0075] It is imperative to note that the springs of the presentinvention may be tailored to absorb and dissipate foreseeable forces ofhumans and objects coming in contact with the assembly. As such, thecoiled springs allow for far greater adaptability to particular needsthan traditional pads constructed of foam and the like.

[0076] Regarding the precise construction of the present invention, thesprings may manufactured of polymeric materials, such as a durableplastic to provide strength for the assembly at inexpensive cost ofmanufacture.

[0077] Alternatively, the springs may be manufactured of metalmaterials, such as steel, if desired by the manufacturer. Importantly,the spring could even be manufactured of titanium, providing durabilityat sharply reduced weight and costs.

[0078] It is intended that the spring width also be variable accordingto particular needs, such as of a width of a range of one-sixteenth inchto one half inch. In all instances, the conical apertures will vary insize in accordance to the respective spring size, constantly allowingfor a secure fit for each conical spring.

[0079] Moreover, the spring assembly may be manufactured in a variety ofpreviously-determined sizes, functioning to render the spring assemblyeffective for multiple previously determined sporting events andhazardous activities. In any such instance, the presence of the springswithin the padding or wall will significantly reduce the quantity ofpadding material needed, thus reducing weight and manufacturing costs.

[0080] With regards to all descriptions and graphics, while the presentinvention has been illustrated and described as embodied, it is notintended to be limited to the details shown herein, since it will beunderstood that various omissions, modifications, substitutions andchanges in the forms and details of the device illustrated, and in itsoperation, can be made by those skilled in the art without departing inany way from the spirit of the invention.

[0081] Without further analysis, the foregoing will so reveal the gistof the present invention that others can readily adapt it for variousapplications without omitting features that from the standpoint of priorart, constitute characteristics of the generic or specific aspects ofthis invention. What is claimed as new and desired to be protected byLetters Patent is set forth in the appended claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. An impact and energy absorbing assembly utilizingmultiple conical springs, comprising: padding comprising an outermostlayer and innermost layer, and further comprising a plurality of conicalapertures, each of a previously-determined size, and each located in apreviously-determined area in a previously-determined proximity to oneanother; a plurality of conical spring members, each of apreviously-determined varying length, inserted within the conicalapertures of the padding, and encapsulated by the padding; apreviously-determined quantity of the conical spring members upright inorientation, and a previously-determined quantity of the conical springmembers upside-down in orientation, functioning to allow for increasedabsorption and dissipation of forces per unit volume; the outermostpanel covering the plurality of springs of the assembly, the outermostpanel functioning to receive primary forces coming in contact therewith,with the plurality of springs receiving secondary forces, the paddingencapsulating same receiving additional forces, and only remainingdissipated forces distributed to a user, with springs in close proximityto one another functioning to create increased absorption anddissipation of impact forces, and springs located further from oneanother functioning to create decreased absorption and dissipation ofimpact forces.
 2. The impact and energy absorbing assembly utilizingmultiple springs as described in claim 1, wherein the assembly isincorporated within a previously-determined area of an athletic shoe. 3.The impact and energy absorbing assembly utilizing multiple springs asdescribed in claim 2, wherein longer springs are located at a heelportion of the athletic shoe, and gradually shorter springs are locatedtowards a mid-section of the athletic shoe.
 4. The impact and energyabsorbing assembly utilizing multiple springs as described in claim 3,wherein springs are located along the length of the entire athleticshoe, including to a toe portion thereof.
 5. The impact and energyabsorbing assembly utilizing multiple springs as described in claim 1,wherein springs are located along the width of the entire athletic shoe,including left and right sides thereof.
 6. The impact and energyabsorbing assembly utilizing multiple springs as described in claim 1,wherein the spring assembly is used in connection with items selectedfrom the group consisting of helmets, chest protectors, shin guards,shoulder pads, knee pads, elbow pads, crash mats, boards, floors, walls,and other flat surfaces.
 7. The impact and energy absorbing assemblyutilizing multiple springs as described in claim 1, wherein the assemblyis used for an activity selected from the group consisting of diving,swimming, ice hockey, roller hockey, roller skating, skateboarding,field hockey, soccer, lacrosse, football, arena football, boxing,wrestling, gymnastics, baseball, auto racing, motorcycle racing,cycling, and track and field events.
 8. The impact and energy absorbingassembly utilizing multiple springs as described in claim 1, wherein thepresence of springs within the assembly reduces a quantity of paddingneeded, thus reducing weight and manufacturing costs.
 9. The impact andenergy absorbing assembly utilizing multiple springs as described inclaim 1, wherein the assembly is used in conjunction with boards ofindoor sporting arenas.
 10. The impact and energy absorbing assemblyutilizing multiple springs as described in claim 1, wherein each springis tailored to absorb and dissipate foreseeable forces of groundsurfaces, humans and objects coming in contact with the spring assembly.11. The impact and energy absorbing assembly utilizing multiple springsas described in claim 1, wherein the springs are manufactured ofpolymeric materials.
 12. The impact and energy absorbing assemblyutilizing multiple springs as described in claim 1, wherein the springsare manufactured of metal materials, including steel and titanium. 13.The impact and energy absorbing assembly utilizing multiple springs asdescribed in claim 1, wherein the spring is of a width of a range ofone-sixteenth inch to three inches.
 14. The impact and energy absorbingassembly utilizing multiple springs as described in claim 1, wherein thespring assembly is manufactured in a variety of previously determinedsizes, functioning to render the spring assembly effective for multiplepreviously determined sporting events and hazardous activities.
 15. Theimpact and energy absorbing assembly utilizing multiple springs asdescribed in claim 1, wherein conical spring members upright inorientation, and conical spring members upside-down in orientation areutilized in alternating format.
 16. The impact and energy absorbingassembly utilizing multiple springs as described in claim 1, whereinpadding is located within an interior of at least one conical spring,functioning to allow for increased absorption and dissipation of impactforces.
 17. The impact and energy absorbing assembly utilizing multiplesprings as described in claim 1, wherein the springs are coated with apolymeric material, functioning to reduce friction of the spring againstthe encapsulating polymeric material.
 18. The impact and energyabsorbing assembly utilizing multiple springs as described in claim 1,wherein the springs are located within a thin, pliable polymericcontainment means, functioning to reduce friction of the spring againstthe encapsulating polymeric material.
 19. An impact and energy absorbingassembly utilizing a conical spring, comprising: padding comprising anoutermost layer and innermost layer, and further comprising a conicalaperture of a previously-determined size, located in apreviously-determined area; a conical spring member of apreviously-determined length, inserted within the conical aperture ofthe padding, and encapsulated by the padding; the outermost panelcovering the spring of the assembly, the outermost panel functioning toreceive primary forces coming in contact therewith, with the springreceiving secondary forces, the padding encapsulating same receivingadditional forces, and only remaining dissipated forces distributed to auser.
 20. An impact and energy absorbing assembly utilizing springsselected from the group consisting of ribbon-shaped springs andbell-shaped springs, comprising: padding comprising an outermost layerand innermost layer, and further comprising a plurality of apertures,each of a previously-determined size, and each located in apreviously-determined area; a plurality of spring members, each of apreviously-determined varying length, inserted within the apertures ofthe padding, and encapsulated by the padding; the outermost panelcovering the plurality of springs of the assembly, the outermost panelfunctioning to receive primary forces coming in contact therewith, withthe plurality of springs receiving secondary forces, the paddingencapsulating same receiving additional forces, and only remainingdissipated forces distributed to a user.